Quantitative Analysis.
Trading Platform.
Python for Excel.
Author.

Printable PDF file
I.Basic math.
II.Pricing and Hedging.
1.Basics of derivative pricing I.
2.Change of numeraire.
3.Basics of derivative pricing II.
4.Market model.
5.Currency Exchange.
A.Change of numeraire in the currency markets.
B.Invariant form of the SDE transformation formula.
C.Delta hedging in the currency markets.
D.Example: forward contract to purchase a foreign stock for domestic currency.
E.Example: forward currency exchange contract.
F.Example: quanto forward contract.
G.Example: quanto caplet.
H.Example: quanto fixed-for-floating swap.
6.Credit risk.
7.Incomplete markets.
III.Explicit techniques.
IV.Data Analysis.
V.Implementation tools.
VI.Basic Math II.
VII.Implementation tools II.
Bibliography.
Forum Notation Index Contents

Change of numeraire in the currency markets.


e have description of the market under some numeraire $A_{t}$ in the $\$$-denomination and we would like to change to some $\U{a3}$-denominated numeraire $B_{t}$ (The $A_{t}$ is measured in $\$$ and the $B_{t}$ is measured in $\U{a3})$. We introduce $Y_{t}=$ MATH - pound price of a dollar. A $\$$-amount should be multiplied by MATH to obtain a $\U{a3}$-amount. We introduce the reciprocal quantity MATH. $X_{t}$ is what is regularly quoted: 2.00 dollars per pound or around that.

We proceed to calculate the drift of $X_{t}$. Suppose we have one pound at time $t$. We may invest into the pound bonds MATH and convert to dollars at maturity. We may also convert to dollars right away and invest into the dollar bonds MATH. We get a dollar outcome in both situations and the dollar risk neutral expectation of both strategies should be the same. We express such conclusion below:MATH We move the time $t$-known quantities out of the expectation sign and obtainMATH Let $T=t+dt$. We getMATH and consequentlyMATH Note that the expectation MATH is the drift that we are calculating and the bonds have expansionsMATH Hence,MATH orMATH where the $W_{t}^{\ast,\$}$ is the standard Brownian motion with respect to the risk neutral probability measure on dollar market. The result agrees with the intuition that when the dollar MMA rate is higher than the pound MMA rate then the exchange rate should drift against dollar.

By a similar argumentMATH We also haveMATH Hence,MATH

We now collect the results for the general case. We want to change from MATH to MATH. We execute the programMATH Hence,MATH orMATH





Forum Notation Index Contents


















Copyright 2007.